12. Repeats and jumps

▶ Open in Aratu to hear and change the examples

The repeat and jump signs of a score, and repeating a beat.

Repeat signs

chords = |: Am | F |1 C | G :|2 C | C |      // repeat, first and second endings
chords = |: Am | F :| x4                      // the passage four times
chords = | Am | % | % | F |                   // % repeats the bar before
chords = | Am | F | %% |                      // %% repeats the two before

|: and :| mark a passage played twice, unless x says how many times. |1 and |2 start the first and second endings.

Jumps

Markers go at the start of a bar, jumps at its end:

Try it▶ Hear it in Aratu

melody = | c4 e g c5 | segno: d4 f a _ | e4 g b _ | fine: c4 _ _ _ | g4 _ _ _ D.S. al fine |

Marker	Jump
`segno:`	`D.S.`, `D.S. al fine`, `D.S. al coda`
`fine:`	where `al fine` stops
`coda:`	where `to coda` goes
	`D.C.`, `D.C. al fine`: back to the start

The piece is unrolled as a musician reads it. A jump without its marker is an error stated plainly: "there is a D.S. at bar 24 of melody but no segno for it".

Repeating a beat

An x glued to the bracket repeats that beat, each time in its own beat: | [e4 d c d]x4 | is the group four times. The x is glued to the ] (or to a motif); with a space, | - x8 | is still eight bars of rest. 4x works too: [e4 d c d]4x. Braces are for chance ({e4|g4}); a group in braces with no | plays as a group, with a hint to use brackets.